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During the last two decades, a new form of trade in commercial surrogacy grew across Asia. Starting in India, a "disruptive" model of surrogacy offered mass availability, rapid accessibility, and created new demands for surrogacy services from people who could not afford or access surrogacy elsewhere. In International Surrogacy as Disruptive Industry in Southeast Asia, Andrea Whittaker traces the development of this industry and its movement across Southeast Asia following a sequence of governmental bans in India, Nepal, Thailand, and Cambodia. Through a case study of the industry in Thailand, the book offers a nuanced and sympathetic examination of the industry from the perspectives of the people involved in it: surrogates, intended parents, and facilitators. The industry offers intended parents the opportunity to form much desired families, but also creates vulnerabilities for all people involved. These vulnerabilities became evident in cases of trafficking, exploitation, and criminality that emerged in southeast Asia, leading to greater scrutiny on the industry as a whole. Yet the trade continues in new flexible hybrid forms, involving the circulation of reproductive gametes, embryos, surrogates, and ova donors across international borders to circumvent regulations. The book demonstrates the need for new forms of regulation to protect those involved in international surrogacy arrangements.

Surrogate Motherhood --- Thailand --- Medical --- Social Science --- Surrogate motherhood --- Social science

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During the past few years, reproductive technology and surrogacy have emerged in a number of European countries as issues of debate. There has been a steady increase in the use of reproductive technology in the Nordic countries, as well as an increase in the use of cross-border medical treatment in order to achieve pregnancy. At the same time, a number of ethical issues have been raised concerning the rights of the participants, including the children. In the fall of 2013, the Nordic Committee on Bioethics organised a conference in Reykjavik that focused on the current situation in the Nordic countries and on the global aspects of reproductive technology and surrogacy, including the market that is emerging in this field. This conference summary highlights the main ethical issues facing researchers, policymakers and practitioners who deal with these issues.

Human reproductive technology --- Moral and ethical aspects. --- Reproductive technology --- Surrogate motherhood --- Assisted reproduction --- Reproduction --- Technological innovations --- Biotechnology --- Motherhood

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Susan Markens takes on one of the hottest issues on the fertility front-surrogate motherhood-in a book that illuminates the culture wars that have erupted over new reproductive technologies in the United States. In an innovative analysis of legislative responses to surrogacy in the bellwether states of New York and California, Markens explores how discourses about gender, family, race, genetics, rights, and choice have shaped policies aimed at this issue. She examines the views of key players, including legislators, women's organizations, religious groups, the media, and others. In a study that finds surprising ideological agreement among those with opposing views of surrogate motherhood, Markens challenges common assumptions about our responses to reproductive technologies and at the same time offers a fascinating picture of how reproductive politics shape social policy.

Surrogate motherhood --- Surrogate mothers --- Surrogate motherhood. --- Human reproductive technology --- Motherhood --- Gestational mothers --- Host mothers --- Uterine mothers --- Mothers --- Social aspects --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- draagmoederschap (zwangerschap-voor-een-ander, draagmoeder, surrogaatmoeder) --- Legal status, laws, etc --- maternité de substitution (grossesse de substitution, gestation pour autrui, mère-porteuse, mère de substitution) --- Surrogate mothers - Legal status, laws, etc. - United States --- Surrogate motherhood - Social aspects - United States --- american politics. --- california. --- children. --- choice. --- cultural studies. --- culture wars. --- family. --- fertility. --- gender studies. --- genetics. --- human rights. --- legislation. --- media coverage. --- morality. --- motherhood. --- mothering. --- new york. --- newborn. --- political. --- pro choice position. --- procreation. --- race studies. --- religious groups. --- reproduction. --- reproductive politics. --- reproductive studies. --- reproductive technology. --- social policy. --- surrogacy bills. --- surrogacy. --- surrogate motherhood. --- surrogate parenting. --- united states of america.

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Drawing from rich interviews with surrogate mothers and egg donors in Bangalore, as well as 20 straight and gay couples in the US and Australia, this work focuses on the processes of social and market exchange in transnational surrogacy. Sharmila Rudrappa interrogates the creation and maintenance of reproductive labour markets, the function of agencies and surrogacy brokers, and how women become surrogate mothers. She argues that the reproductive industry is organised to control and disempower women workers and yet her interviews reveal that, by and large, the surrogate mothers in Bangalore found the experience life affirming. Rudrappa explores this tension, and the lived realities of many surrogate mothers whose deepening bodily commodification is paradoxically experienced as a revitalising life development.

Surrogate motherhood --- Human reproductive technology --- Assisted conception --- Assisted human reproduction --- Assisted human reproductive technology --- Conception --- Human assisted reproduction --- Human assisted reproductive technology --- Human reproduction --- Medical technology --- Reproductive technology --- Motherhood --- Economic aspects --- Social aspects --- Technological innovations --- Surrogate motherhood. --- Economic aspects. --- Social aspects. --- India. --- Bharat --- Bhārata --- Government of India --- Ḣindiston Respublikasi --- Inde --- Indië --- Indien --- Indii︠a︡ --- Indland --- Indo --- Republic of India --- Sāthāranarat ʻIndīa --- Yin-tu --- インド --- هند --- Индия --- Indi --- Indii͡

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Infertility. --- Fertilization in vitro. --- Adoption --- Surrogate motherhood --- Human reproductive technology --- Motherhood --- Child placing --- Foster home care --- Parent and child --- Ectogenesis, Preimplantational --- Fertilization, In vitro --- Fertilization, Laboratory --- Fertilization, Test tube --- In vitro fertilization --- IVF (Reproduction) --- Laboratory fertilization --- Preimplantational ectogenesis --- Test tube fertilization --- Genetic engineering --- Reproductive technology --- Involuntary childlessness --- Sterility --- Sterility in humans --- Childlessness --- Generative organs --- Fertility, Human --- Sterilization (Birth control) --- Law and legislation --- Diseases